4th Amendment Rule In Fairfax
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Virginia's laws, along with the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, protect citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. This means that officials must have a valid search warrant, probable cause, consent from the individual, or exigent circumstances to conduct a search legally.
Like the rest of the Bill of Rights, the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution originally only applied in federal court. This changed in the U.S. Supreme Court case Mapp v. Ohio (1961). There, the Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment rights apply equally in state courts through the Fourteenth Amendment.
Law enforcement can establish probable cause through live, sworn testimony or by a detailed affidavit describing why a warrant is necessary.
To claim a violation of Fourth Amendment rights as the basis for suppressing relevant evidence, courts have long required that the claimant must prove that they were the victim of an invasion of privacy to have a valid standing.
The Constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The Fourth Amendment, however, is not a guarantee against all searches and seizures, but only those that are deemed unreasonable under the law.
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things ...
Explanation: The most likely scenario to be considered a violation of the Fourth Amendment is when a suspect's property is searched before a warrant is issued. The Fourth Amendment protects individuals from unreasonable searches and seizures, and generally requires a warrant based on probable cause.
Generally, a person has no reasonable expectation of privacy for property and personal effects they hold open to the public. The Fourth Amendment does not protect things that are visible or in "plain view" for a person of ordinary and unenhanced vision.
