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How do you determine if your property is already subject to a recorded oil and gas lease? A search of the public records at the county register of deeds office is necessary. For example, in Oceana County, the public records are available online, or you can go to their office.
What can an oil and gas producer do to fix that situation? More frequently, producers are using 'protection' leases to address this situation. In the above example, the producer would obtain leases from both Party A and Party B, paying only a nominal amount upon signing of the lease.
The two most common types of leases are operating leases and financing leases (also called capital leases). In order to differentiate between the two, one must consider how fully the risks and rewards associated with ownership of the asset have been transferred to the lessee from the lessor.
The horizontal Pugh clause operates to release all lands not included in a pooled unit, typically at the end of the primary term or after cessation of continuous drilling operations, if the lease provides for same. The horizontal Pugh clause releases land at the surface as to all depths.
Generally, a pooling clause will allow the leased premises to be combined with other lands to form a drilling unit, wherein proceeds from production anywhere on the drilling unit are allocated according to the percentage of the acreage of each tract divided by the total acreage of the drilling unit.
A Pugh Clause is meant to prevent a lessee from declaring all lands under an oil and gas lease as being held by production, even if production only occurs on a fraction of the property.
The primary term of a federal oil and gas lease is 10 years. The term is extended as long as the lease has at least one well capable of production. Leases do not authorize ground disturbance. Operations (including roads) proposed pursuant to leases must go through a separate permitting process.
An oil or gas lease is a legal document where a landowner grants an individual or company the right to extract oil or gas from beneath the landowner's property. Courts generally find leases to be legally binding, so it is very important that you understand all the terms of a lease before you sign it.
In general terms, the Pugh Clause provides that production from a unitized or pooled area located on or including a portion of the leased lands will not be sufficient to extend the primary term for the entire leasehold.
An oil and gas lease is a hybrid property interest. For some purposes it can be considered a personal property and for other purposes it can be treated as real property. Under an oil and gas lease, the lessee holds the dominant property and the lessor holds the servient property.