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In addition, local and municipal governments can be named as defendants, but neither a state nor the federal government can be sued under Section 1983. Private individuals can also be sued under Section 1983, but they must be acting on behalf of a state or local government (referred to as ?acting under color of law?).
Under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, you may sue state or local officials for the ?deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and federal laws.? Under Bivens v.
However, the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted Section 1983 of the U.S. Code to permit prisoners to sue state correctional officials when the conditions of confinement fail to meet constitutional standards of physical security, adequate medical treatment, freedom of religious expression, and so forth.
Section 1983 allows defendants to be found liable only when they have acted ?under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia.? 42 U.S.C.
A Section 1983 lawsuit is a civil rights lawsuit. It can be filed by someone whose civil rights have been violated. You can file a lawsuit if the wrongdoer was acting under color of law. Civil rights are those guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution or certain federal laws.
Section 1983 provides an individual the right to sue state government employees and others acting "under color of state law" for civil rights violations. Section 1983 does not provide civil rights; it is a means to enforce civil rights that already exist.
As noted by the appellate court, ?Punitive damages may be awarded under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 when the defendant's conduct is shown to be motivated by evil motive or intent, or when it involves reckless or callous indifference to the federally protected rights of others.?