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The A.L.I. formulation provides that a defendant will not be held criminally responsible if at the time of the behavior in question "as a result of a mental disease or defect, he lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of the law."
The irresistible impulse test is used to determine whether, as a result of a mental disease or defect, a defendant was unable to control or resist his or her own impulses, thus leading to a criminal act. If so, the defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity.
Under the M'Naghten rule, a criminal defendant is not guilty by reason of insanity if, at the time of the alleged criminal act, the defendant was so deranged that she did not know the nature or quality of her actions or, if she knew the nature and quality of her actions, she was so deranged that she did not know that
The four versions of the insanity defense are M'Naghten, irresistible impulse, substantial capacity, and Durham.
Defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity are rarely set free. Instead, they are almost always confined in mental health institutions. They may remain confined for a longer period of time than had they been found guilty and sentenced to a term in prison.
The definition of insanity is having a serious mental illness or being extremely foolish. An example of insanity is a personality disorder. An example of insanity is jumping out of an airplane without a parachute. The state of being insane; madness.
Not guilty by reason of insanity is a plea entered by a defendant in a criminal trial, where the defendant claims that they were so mentally disturbed or incapacitated at the time of the offense that they did not have the required intention to commit the crime, and are therefore not guilty.
The four tests for insanity are the M'Naghten test, the irresistible-impulse test, the Durham rule, and the Model Penal Code test.
Defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity are rarely set free. Instead, they are almost always confined in mental health institutions. They may remain confined for a longer period of time than had they been found guilty and sentenced to a term in prison.