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Secured Promissory NotesA secured promissory note is an obligation to pay that is secured by some type of property. This means that if the payor fails to pay, the payee can seize the designated property to obtain reimbursement of the loan.
A security interest arising out of a sale of a promissory note (i.e., an instrument) is perfected automatically, without additional action, when it attaches. See Section 9-304(4) of the Uniform Commercial Code.
A promissory note must include the date of the loan, the dollar amount, the names of both parties, the rate of interest, any collateral involved, and the timeline for repayment. When this document is signed by the borrower, it becomes a legally binding contract.
A promissory note secured by collateral will need a second document. If the collateral is real property, there will be either a mortgage or a deed of trust. If the collateral is personal property, there will be a security agreement.
General Definition. Promissory notes are defined as securities under the Securities Act. However, notes that have a maturity of nine months or less are not considered securities.
A promissory note can be secured with a pledge of collateral, which is something of value that can be seized if a borrower defaults.
There is no legal requirement for most promissory notes to be witnessed or notarized in Virginia (promissory notes related to real estate must be notarized). Still, the parties may decide to have the document certified by a notary public for protection in the event of a lawsuit.
A secured promissory note may include a security agreement as part of its terms. If a security agreement lists a business property as collateral, the lender might file a UCC-1 statement to serve as a lien on the property. A security agreement mitigates the default risk faced by the lender.