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18 U.S.C. § 1956(a)(1)(B)(ii) See Statute [Defendant] is charged with violating that portion of the federal money laundering statute that prohibits structuring transactions to avoid reporting requirements. It is against federal law to engage in such conduct.
A currency transaction report (CTR) is used by banks to report to regulators any currency transaction greater than $10,000. The CTR is part of anti-money laundering efforts that aim to ensure that the money isn't being used for illicit or regulated activities.
Conducts or attempts to conduct a financial transaction involving property represented to be the proceeds of specified unlawful activity, or property used to conduct or facilitate specified unlawful activity, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both.
To prove cash structuring, the prosecution must show that the defendant intentionally structured their transactions to evade bank reporting requirements. This typically involves demonstrating a consistent pattern of deposits, withdrawals, or transfers that fall just below the reporting threshold.
Section 1956(a) defines three types of criminal conduct: domestic money laundering transactions (§ 1956(a)(1)); international money laundering transactions (§ 1956(a)(2)); and undercover "sting" money laundering transactions (§ 1956(a)(3)). See this Manual at 2182. To be criminally culpable under 18 U.S.C.
Specified unlawful activities include over 250 crimes in six categories: (1) most RICO predicate offenses; (2) certain offenses against foreign nations; (3) acts constituting a criminal enterprise under the Controlled Substances Act; (4) miscellaneous offenses against persons and property; (5) federal health care ...
This is called ?structuring.? Federal law makes it a crime to break up transactions into smaller amounts for the purpose of evading the CTR reporting requirement and this may lead to a required disclosure from the financial institution to the government.
Let's say that someone has $90,000 in cash. If they want to avoid reporting requirements, they can split this into 10 transactions of $9,000. This is an example of structuring. Remember, structuring transactions in this way is illegal.