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A standard car allowance is considered taxable income because it does not substantiate business use. A mileage reimbursement, however, remains non-taxable as long as it does not exceed the vehicle reimbursement amount determined by the IRS business mileage rate.
A standard vehicle allowance is a monthly compensation for the costs of using a motor vehicle for work. This payment is typically part of a paycheck. It's up to the employee whether to put that money toward a car payment or to use it to defray gas expense, wear and tear, and other car costs.
The IRS sees car allowances as a form of compensation rather than a reimbursement for travel. Therefore, any money you paid to your employees as a car allowance is taxable just like wages.
A car allowance is a set amount that you give to your employees to cover a period of time. This car allowance is intended to cover typical costs of owning a vehicle, such as maintenance, wear-and-tear, insurance, fuel and depreciation.
It's calculated by dividing the value/purchase price of the car in multiples of R 85 000 (this changes almost every year). So let's say the employee's car cost R 100 000 - the fixed cost would be R 50 924, fuel R 1.018 per km and the maintenance R 0.412 per km.
A mileage reimbursement is not taxable as long as it does not exceed the IRS mileage rate (the 2022 rate is 58.5 cents per business mile). If the mileage rate exceeds the IRS rate, the difference is considered taxable income. This approach requires employees to record and report mileage.
Using a standard vehicle of a certain age, you can generally predict the yearly maintenance costs for each band of miles driven. Divide it by 12, and you've got the monthly amount.
A car allowance is taxable unless you substantiate business use of the payment. You can avoid taxation if you track business mileage and demonstrate that the allowance never exceeds the equivalent of the IRS business mileage rate ($. 585 per mile for 2022). This is called a mileage allowance, or mileage substantiation.
Business expense reimbursements are not considered wages, and therefore are not taxable income (if your employer uses an accountable plan). An accountable plan is a plan that follows the Internal Revenue Service regulations for reimbursing workers for business expenses in which reimbursement is not counted as income.