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Four Methods of Amending the U.S. ConstitutionA two-thirds vote in both houses of the U.S. Congress. Ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures.A two-thirds vote in both houses of U.S. Congress.A national constitutional convention called by two-thirds of the state legislatures.
Accession. "Accession" is the act whereby a state accepts the offer or the opportunity to become a party to a treaty already negotiated and signed by other states. It has the same legal effect as ratification. Accession usually occurs after the treaty has entered into force.
Ratification is a principal's approval of an act of its agent that lacked the authority to bind the principal legally. Ratification defines the international act in which a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty if the parties intended to show their consent by such an act.
To ratify amendments, three-fourths of the state legislatures must approve them, or ratifying conventions in three-fourths of the states must approve them.
Historical Treaties and Documents 1) Ratification : a treaty is generally open for signature for a certain time following the conference which has adopted it. However, a signature is not binding on a State unless it has been endorsed by ratification.
An amendment may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress, or, if two-thirds of the States request one, by a convention called for that purpose. The amendment must then be ratified by three-fourths of the State legislatures, or three-fourths of conventions called in each State for ratification.
Ratify means to approve or enact a legally binding act that would not otherwise be binding in the absence of such approval. In the constitutional context, nations may ratify an amendment to an existing or adoption of a new constitution.
The signature qualifies the signatory state to proceed to ratification, acceptance or approval. It also creates an obligation to refrain, in good faith, from acts that would defeat the object and the purpose of the treaty. Arts.10 and 18, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969 Ratification.
Both these terms signify the consent of a party to be bound by a treaty. However, there is a legal difference between accession and ratification. An accession is only a formal agreement and is not preceded by signing whereas ratification is a formal agreement which is preceded by signing.
What is the difference between signing and ratifying of a treaty? By signing a treaty a country expresses the intention to abide by the treaty but is not legally bound to do so. When a state ratifies a treaty, it agrees to be legally bound to abide by the treaty.