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An irrevocable letter of credit is a financial instrument used in international trade to ensure payment security for sellers and provide assurance to buyers. It is issued by a bank on behalf of the buyer, guaranteeing that the seller will receive payment upon complying with the specified terms and conditions.
An irrevocable letter of credit must be obtained through the bank. You should not try to craft a letter or adapt somebody else's letter of credit. Doing so can put you at risk of an expensive legal battle, potentially overseas.
Types of letters of credit include commercial letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and revocable letters of credit. Other types of letters of credit are irrevocable letters of credit, revolving letters of credit, and red clause letters of credit.
A revocable letter of credit is uncommon because it can be changed or cancelled by the bank that issued it at any time and for any reason. An irrevocable letter of credit cannot be changed or cancelled unless everyone involved agrees. Irrevocable letters of credit provide more security than revocable ones.
What Is a Letter of Credit? A letter of credit, or a credit letter, is a letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyer's payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount.
Banks will usually charge a fee for a letter of credit, which can be a percentage of the total credit that they are backing. The cost of a letter of credit will vary by bank and the size of the letter of credit. For example, the bank may charge 0.75% of the amount that it's guaranteeing.
(a) "Irrevocable letter of credit" (ILC), as used in this clause, means a written commitment by a federally insured financial institution to pay all or part of a stated amount of money, until the expiration date of the letter, upon presentation by the Government (the beneficiary) of a written demand therefor.
For a secured revocable letter of credit, the buyer has to give a personal guarantee or mortgage security. For an unsecured revocable letter of credit, the bank checks the creditworthiness of the buyer. Please note in both instances, the bank can revoke the LC.
Disadvantages of a letter of credit: Usually covers single transactions for a single buyer, meaning you need a different letter of credit for each transaction. Expensive, tedious and time consuming in terms of absolute cost, working capital, and credit line usage.