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The categories of unprotected speech include obscenity, child ography, defamatory speech, false advertising, true threats, and fighting words. Deciding what is and is not protected speech is reserved to courts of law. The First Amendment only prevents government restrictions on speech.
Courts used the so-called "Lemon Test" for nearly four decades to determine when laws or practices violated the First Amendment clause that prohibited government from "establishment of religion." Under the test, the courts would determine the type of aid, whether its primary effect advanced or inhibited religion and ...
We have a case where an individual posted a parody Facebook page of the Parma Police Department and the police retaliated against him with trumped up charges of having interfered with their operations. That's another example of First Amendment retaliation.
Exceptions Based On Government Conspiracy Or State Action There are some limited situations in which an individual is technically liable for First Amendment violations. First, if you can prove that a single person is acting in conspiracy with the government to restrict a person's rights, you may have a case.
Public employees have a right to speak out on matters of public concern or importance as long as the expression is not outweighed by the employer's interest in an efficient, disruption-free workplace.
The five freedoms it protects: speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.
Thus, to demonstrate a First Amendment violation, a citizen plaintiff must provide evidence showing that ?by his actions [the defendant] deterred or chilled [the plaintiff's] political speech and such deterrence was a substantial or motivating factor in [the defendant's] conduct.? Id.
As a government employee, you still have a First Amendment right to speak out on important issues. However, your government employer also has an interest in promoting an effective and efficient workplace. In this guide, we break down your speech rights under the Constitution.