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Natural gas, like most other commodities, can be stored for an indefinite period of time. The exploration, production, and transportation of natural gas takes time, and the natural gas that reaches its destination is not always needed right away, so it is injected into underground storage facilities.
The basic approach to storage valuation is to calculate the optimal position given the available forward curve and take this position on the forward market. This intrinsic value approach captures the predictable seasonal pattern in gas prices and secures a sure profit.
This is achieved by taking all currently tradeable contracts and determining all possible combinations of pairs of feasible contracts (ie injection months occur before withdrawal months). Each of these pairs is valued as a CSO using the pairs' forward prices, volatilities and the correlation between them.
The market part of the storage value has two components: intrinsic and extrinsic value. While intrinsic value is a static view of the forward curve, extrinsic value is a complex function of the seasonal spread, spot price volatility, forward spread volatility, asset flexibility and individual optimisation strategies.
EIA projected dry gas production will rise to 103.72 billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) in 2023 and 105.13 bcfd in 2024 from a record 99.60 bcfd in 2022. The agency also projected domestic gas consumption would rise from a record 88.46 bcfd in 2022 to 89.17 bcfd in 2023 before sliding to 88.38 bcfd in 2024.
Deliverability is most often expressed as a measure of the amount of gas that can be delivered (withdrawn) from a storage facility on a daily basis. Also referred to as the deliverability rate, withdrawal rate, or withdrawal capacity, deliverability is usually expressed in terms of million cubic feet per day (MMcf/d).
Approximately 4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas can be stored and withdrawn for consumer use.
Gas prices are determined by the balance of supply and demand in a regional marketplace. Supply is determined considering both availability of natural gas deliverability at the wellhead, the transportation capacity and cost to deliver gas to market centers.
In 2021, the United States consumed approximately 30.2 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, ing to the U.S. Energy Information Agency. Approximately 4 trillion cubic feet of natural gas can be stored and withdrawn for consumer use in the United States.
In addition to gas delivered by transmission lines, Massachusetts also uses liquefied natural gas ("LNG") which is delivered by ship to the Distrigas terminal in Everett. Most of the LNG comes from Algeria and Trinidad.