In a deed, a grantee may agree to do something or refrain from doing certain acts. This agreement will become a binding contract between the grantor and the grantee. An example would be an agreement to maintain fences on the property or that the property will only be used for residential purposes. This kind of covenant is binding, not only between the grantor and the grantee, but also runs with the land. This means that anyone acquiring the land from the grantee is also bound by the covenant of the grantee. A covenant that provides that the grantee will refrain from certain conduct is called a restrictive or protective covenant. For example, there may be a covenant that no mobile home shall be placed on the property.
A restrictive or protective covenant may limit the kind of structure that can be placed on the property and may also restrict the use that can be made of the land. For example, when a tract of land is developed for individual lots and homes to be built, it is common to use the same restrictive covenants in all of the deeds in order to cause uniform restrictions and patterns on the property. For example, the developer may provide that no home may be built under a certain number of square feet. Any person acquiring a lot within the tract will be bound by the restrictions if they are placed in the deed or a prior recorded deed. Also, these restrictive covenants may be placed in a document at the outset of the development entitled "Restrictive Covenants," and list all the restrictive covenants that will apply to the tracts of land being developed. Any subsequent deed can then refer back to the book and page number where these restrictive covenants are recorded. Any person owning one of the lots in the tract may bring suit against another lot owner to enforce the restrictive covenants. However, restrictive covenants may be abandoned or not enforceable by estoppel if the restrictive covenants are violated openly for a sufficient period of time in order for a Court to declare that the restriction has been abandoned.
The following form shows one way in which Restrictive or Protective Covenants may be amended.
Delaware Amendment to Protective Covenant
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HOA INFORMATION AND DOCUMENTSThe association's CC&Rs must be recorded with the county land records to be enforceable.
Can I get a restrictive covenant removed? If there is a covenant on your property which is obsolete, you can make an application to the Upper Tribunal (Lands Chamber) (which use to be known as the Lands Tribunal) asking for the covenant to be discharged or modified.
If there is a restrictive covenant on your property you may be able to remove it. The first step would be to negotiate with the original developer or landowner to enter into a formal agreement to remove the covenants from the title.
In Delaware, all conveyances of real property require a completed Realty Transfer Tax Return and Affidavit of Gain and Value (9 Del. C. 9605(d)). This form must be completed by both the grantor and the grantee, and it must be submitted with the deed for recording.
Adding someone to your house deed requires the filing of a legal form known as a quitclaim deed. When executed and notarized, the quitclaim deed legally overrides the current deed to your home. By filing the quitclaim deed, you can add someone to the title of your home, in effect transferring a share of ownership.
It is the most widely used means when we sell our property for monetary consideration. Also known as transfer deed, a sale deed has to be registered at the sub-registrar's office, after which the property gets transferred to the new owner. The person buying the property need not be related to you.
Although this case relates directly to development of property, it is clear that modifying restrictive covenants of any nature or kind is possible if deemed reasonable in the circumstances by the courts, which will of course be determined on a case-by-case basis.
The only way to forcibly change the ownership status is through a legal action and the resultant court order. However, if an owner chooses to be removed from the deed, it is simply a matter of preparing a new deed transferring that owner's interest in the property.
The transfer tax in Delaware is currently 4% of the sales price with the State portion at 2.5% and the county portion at 1.5%. The transfer tax is commonly split evenly between the buyer and the seller so buyer pays 2% and the seller pays 2%.
What fees will I have to pay? The Lands Chamber is required by law to charge fees. The fee for lodging an application to discharge or modify restrictive covenants is £880. The fee for hearing an application is A£1,100, but this is reduced to A£275 if the Tribunal determines the application without a hearing.