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23. In general terms, the Pugh Clause provides that production from a unitized or pooled area located on or including a portion of the leased lands will not be sufficient to extend the primary term for the entire leasehold.
While royalties on oil and gas produced from state territory generally hover between 12.5% and 16.67%, state law gives the commissioner of the Department of Natural Resources the authority to vary those terms if doing so is deemed in the state's best interest.
Royalty Clause There are two types of royalties, a net and a gross royalty. Normally, the oil and gas lease contains a net royalty. If the lease provides for a net royalty, this means that post-production deductions will be taken from the royalty.
The Pugh Clause ? A clause in the Oil and Gas Lease which modifies usual pooling language to provide that drilling operations on or production from a pooled unit will not preserve the whole lease.
An ?unless? clause provides that the lease terminates unless the lessee has either made the required payments or commenced drilling operations. Lessees can therefore be terminated from the lease by failure to pay the proper amount, by the due date, in the proper form, to the proper party.
The point of a retained-acreage provision is to be able to seek a new opportunity to lease unworked land to a different lessee, one who might do something productive with it. A Pugh clause is a negotiated provision in favor of the lessor. Pugh clauses modify pooling/unitization rights.
?Many land professionals are confused about what is a vertical and what is a horizontal pugh clause. LEGALLY ? a vertical pugh clause is one where all acreage outside of the well/unit boundaries must be released. LEGALLY ? a horizontal pugh clause is one where you must release acreage below a certain depth.
A phrase (usually contained in a Pugh clause in an oil & gas lease) that terminates the lease after the primary term as to all formations below a particular depth typically defined as the stratigraphic equivalent of the base of the deepest producing formation in the unit.