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Alaska's western maritime boundary, separating the waters of the United States and Russia, was established in the Treaty of Cession of 1867 (which declared the transfer of Alaska from Russia to the United States).
There are two main reasons. First, Canada wasn't its own country in 1867. Second, Great Britain controlled the Canadian colonies. Russia did not want to sell Alaska to its rival.
An international tribunal was formed in 1903 to solve the Alaska Boundary Dispute. Made up of six impartial jurists from the US, Canada and England, the group ended up setting Alaska's eastern boundary 56km east of where the ocean touched the mainland coast.
The United States held that the line followed all the windings of the coast. The problem was referred to a joint arbitration commission of three Americans, two Canadians, and one Briton. The commission met in London in 1903. The United States claim was upheld by a vote of four to two.
An international tribunal was formed in 1903 to solve the Alaska Boundary Dispute. Made up of six impartial jurists from the US, Canada and England, the group ended up setting Alaska's eastern boundary 56km east of where the ocean touched the mainland coast.
Some 100,000 fortune seekers moved through Alaska to the Klondike gold region. The presence of gold and a large new population greatly increased the importance of the region and the desirability of fixing an exact boundary. Canada wanted an all-Canadian route from the gold fields to a seaport.
The treaty of 1867, by which the United States had bought Alaska from Russia, established the boundary of southeast Alaska (the Panhandle) as 30 miles (48 kilometers) from the coast. The entrance to the Klondike was through an inlet called Lynn Canal.
Canada wanted a direct route from the Klondike gold fields to the Pacific fjords, whereas the US wanted to maintain control of the intervening territory.