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?With prejudice? means that you cannot re-file your case ever. ?Without prejudice? means that you can re-file your case at a later date (as long as you are still within the statute of limitations).
2.1 Withdrawal of Charges: By filing an affidavit of desistance, the complainant or plaintiff formally withdraws the charges or claims brought against the defendant. This may result in the termination or dismissal of the case, depending on the stage of the legal proceedings and the discretion of the court.
For example, first, the application for withdrawal of the case must be made only by the public prosecutor. The case cannot be withdrawn on the application of the petitioner or the accused or any order of the government. Second, the rationale for withdrawing the case must be explained to the court by the prosecutor.
A judge may dismiss a case without prejudice in order to allow for errors in the case presented to be addressed before it is brought back to court. A judge will dismiss a case with prejudice if he or she finds reason why the case should not move forward and should be permanently closed.
Dismissal without prejudice means that the judge dismissed the plaintiff's or prosecutor's case without damaging their right to have their matter heard in court later. A prosecutor may ask to withdraw the case against a person to have more time to make a case stronger, find more evidence or question other witnesses.