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A Special Needs Trust must have its own Federal Identification Number (also called an Employer Identification Number, EIN, Tax Identification Number, or TIN) to be valid. This unique number means that the Trust is its own entity, and that it does not belong to anyone but itself.
Trusts considered to be qualified disability trusts are entitled to the same personal exemption allowed to all individual taxpayers when filing a tax return.
The default exemption for a trust is $100, while a trust that is required to distribute all its income can qualify for a $300 exemption. In 2022, a qualified disability trust is allowed a $4,400 exemption. The increased exemption becomes critical given the design of most qualified disability trusts.
In the case of third party special needs trusts, if the trust is considered a grantor trust, all items of income, deduction and credit are generally taxed to the individual(s) who created and funded the trust (typically parents or other relatives of the individual with a disability).
Whether or not you need an EIN for a trust depends on the type of trust. Generally, grantor revocable trusts do not need an EIN. Any income taxes from a revocable trust is reported via the grantor's SSN since the grantor can revoke the trust at any time and regain possession of the property.