The sale, mortgage, or disposal of conjugal properties in the Philippines cannot be done unilaterally. Both spouses must give their consent before any such transactions can be validly executed.
If a person other than the owner attempts to sell the property, the transaction is considered illegal. This type of sale falls under fraudulent transactions and can be nullified under Philippine law. Even if the buyer was unaware that the seller was not the legitimate owner, the sale would still be void.
In California, having a real estate attorney representing YOUR interests is recommended but optional.
Under the Civil Code of the Philippines, trespass occurs when someone unlawfully enters or occupies another's property. In your case, if someone changed the boundaries of your land without permission, this may constitute trespass.
One spouse should ask the court to issue an order allowing for the sale, and it would be highly unusual for the court to deny the request even if the other spouse objects to the sale. So when the home equity is in danger, then one spouse can probably force the sale of the house.
In summary, the father may not legally sell the entire property without the children's consent if the property is part of the estate of the deceased mother. Any sale done without the agreement of all heirs can be contested in court and possibly declared void.
Can a house sale fall through after exchange of contracts? Yes, although it is not common for this to happen, a property sale can fall through even at this point of the sale.
In California, capital gains from the sale of a house are taxed by both the state and federal governments. The state tax rate varies from 1% to 13.3% based on your tax bracket. The federal tax rate depends on whether the gains are short-term (taxed as ordinary income) or long-term (based on the tax bracket).