The IRS defines a dependent as a qualifying child (under age 19 or under 24 if a full-time student, or any age if permanently and totally disabled) or a qualifying relative. A qualifying dependent cannot provide more than half of their own annual support.
The rule is that if someone ``can'' claim you as a dependent, you must check the box. It is not, did or will someone claim you as a dependent. There is nothing that requires your parents to claim you as a dependent if you qualify, they will just be giving up a $500 credit (potentially).
The child must be: (a) under age 19 at the end of the year and younger than you (or your spouse, if filing jointly), (b) under age 24 at the end of the year, a full- time student, and younger than you (or your spouse, if filing jointly), or (c) any age if permanently and totally disabled.
The short answer is no, you cannot claim yourself as a dependent on your tax return. This is because you are considered to have your own personal exemption.