A form of publication which tends to cause one to lose the esteem of the community is defamation. This is injury to reputation. A person can be held liable for the defamation of another. In order to prove defamation, the plaintiff must prove:
- that a statement was made about the plaintiff's reputation, honesty or integrity that is not true;
- publication to a third party (i.e., another person hears or reads the statement); and
- the plaintiff suffers damages as a result of the statement.
Slander is a form of defamation that consists of making false oral statements about a person which would damage that person's reputation. If one spreads a rumor that his neighbor has been in jail and this is not true, the person making such false statements could be held liable for slander.
Defamation which occurs by written statements is known as libel. Libel also may result from a picture or visual representation. Truth is an absolute defense to slander or libel.
Some statements, while libelous or slanderous, are absolutely privileged in the sense that the statements can be made without fear of a lawsuit for slander. The best example is statements made in a court of law. An untrue statement made about a person in court which damages that person's reputation will generally not cause liability to the speaker as far as slander is concerned. However, if the statement is untrue, the person making it may be liable for criminal perjury.
If a communication is made in good faith on a subject in which the party communicating it has a legitimate right or interest in communicating it, this communication may be exempt from slander liability due to a qualified privileged.
The following form letter demands that someone cease making libelous or slanderous statements, or appropriate legal action will be taken.
Making False Statements In Ohio
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FAQ
Section 4507.36 | Prohibition against false statements. (A) No person shall knowingly make a false statement to any matter or thing required by this chapter. (B) Whoever violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor of the first degree.
It is not against the law to allege that someone committed a crime. However, if a person purposefully makes false accusations to law enforcement about another person, the person who made those accusations could be punished, such as facing criminal or civil charges or both.
Except as otherwise provided in this division, falsification in a theft offense is a misdemeanor of the first degree. If the value of the property or services stolen is one thousand dollars or more and is less than seven thousand five hundred dollars, falsification in a theft offense is a felony of the fifth degree.
(A) No person shall knowingly make a false statement, or knowingly swear or affirm the truth of a false statement previously made, alleging a violation of section 2903.34 of the Revised Code, when the statement is made with purpose to incriminate another.
Ohio Defamation Law: To Win You Need To Prove That… The false statement was about you, the plaintiff. However, the plaintiff's name doesn't necessarily need to be mentioned. If the statement includes adequate, identifiable facts that clearly point to the plaintiff, defamation may be claimed.
Section 2739.01 | Libel and slander. In an action for a libel or slander, it is sufficient to state, generally, that the defamatory matter was published or spoken of the plaintiff. If the allegation is denied, the plaintiff must prove the facts, showing that the defamatory matter was published or spoken of him.
Slander: Simple slander carries a penalty of arresto menor (one day to 30 days of imprisonment) or a fine. Grave slander, however, can result in arresto mayor (one month and one day to six months) or a higher fine.
