A form of publication which tends to cause one to lose the esteem of the community is defamation. This is injury to reputation. A person can be held liable for the defamation of another. In order to prove defamation, the plaintiff must prove:
- that a statement was made about the plaintiff's reputation, honesty or integrity that is not true;
- publication to a third party (i.e., another person hears or reads the statement); and
- the plaintiff suffers damages as a result of the statement.
Slander is a form of defamation that consists of making false oral statements about a person which would damage that person's reputation. If one spreads a rumor that his neighbor has been in jail and this is not true, the person making such false statements could be held liable for slander.
Defamation which occurs by written statements is known as libel. Libel also may result from a picture or visual representation. Truth is an absolute defense to slander or libel.
Some statements, while libelous or slanderous, are absolutely privileged in the sense that the statements can be made without fear of a lawsuit for slander. The best example is statements made in a court of law. An untrue statement made about a person in court which damages that person's reputation will generally not cause liability to the speaker as far as slander is concerned. However, if the statement is untrue, the person making it may be liable for criminal perjury.
If a communication is made in good faith on a subject in which the party communicating it has a legitimate right or interest in communicating it, this communication may be exempt from slander liability due to a qualified privileged.
The following form letter demands that someone cease making libelous or slanderous statements, or appropriate legal action will be taken.
Elements Of Defamation For Public Figure In Massachusetts
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The Supreme Court has defined public figures as those who hold government office and those who have achieved a role of special prominence in the affairs of society by reason of notoriety of their achievements or vigor and success with which they seek public's attention.
A public figure, ing to Gertz v. Robert Welch , is an individual who has assumed roles of especial prominence in the affairs of a society or thrust themselves into the forefront of particular public controversies to influence the resolution of the issues involved.
To prove prima facie defamation, a plaintiff must show four things: 1) a false statement purporting to be fact; 2) publication or communication of that statement to a third person; 3) fault amounting to at least negligence ; and 4) damages , or some harm caused to the reputation of the person or entity who is the ...
Massachusetts on Defamation: “A plaintiff alleging libel must ordinarily establish five elements: (1) that the defendant published a written statement; (2) of and concerning the plaintiff; that was both (3) defamatory, and (4) false; and (5) either caused economic loss, or is actionable without proof of economic loss.”
Examples of public figures include: Politicians and government officials. Celebrities and entertainers. Athletes and sports stars. Business leaders and entrepreneurs. Activists and social reformers.
Public figure. noun. public fig·ure. : an individual or entity that has acquired fame or notoriety or has participated in a particular public controversy see also limited purpose public figure compare public official.
A public figure, ing to Gertz v. Robert Welch , is an individual who has assumed roles of especial prominence in the affairs of a society or thrust themselves into the forefront of particular public controversies to influence the resolution of the issues involved.
Generally, to prove defamation, you must show that a false statement was made, about you, to third parties, and which caused you damage. Once you have evaluated your case, and determined that you can satisfy these elements, you can then proceed with pursuing your matter.
Most evidence for a defamation case will be found and gathered by interviewing witnesses, obtaining documents, conducting legal research, and consulting with experts. Interviewing Witnesses. You will need to gather a list of witnesses who will be able to testify that they heard or read the defamatory statement.
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Good general introduction to the topic. It also appears that Massachusetts still recognizes defamation per se in cases involving slander rather than libel.Specifically, defamation of character (aka the tort of defamation) may be classified into two core types: libel and slander. Defamation, in general, is designed to provide individuals with a remedy for false statements that harm their reputation. A defendant in a defamation case may raise a variety of defenses for libel or slander. Slander refers to oral statements, and libel applies to the written word. Defamation can take many forms. Libel is the act of writing damaging statements and slander is the act of making such statements verbally.
