The five primary requirements for patentability are: (1) patentable subject matter; (2) utility; (3) novelty; (4) non-obviousness; and (5) enablement. Like trademarks, patents are territorial, meaning they are enforceable in a specific geographic area.
Patent application forms can be found on the USPTO website. All of the forms related to patent applications can be found on the link here, or by navigating to the USPTO website and clicking on the “Forms” link under the “Apply for a Patent” section on the “Patents” page.
I would suggest you file a Provisional Patent Application (PPA) on your own for about $60 with the US Patent Office. Once you have filed the PPA (which is never examined and isn't a real patent), you have 1 year to claim ``patent pending'' before you must file your utility patent (maybe $5000 or more).