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A motion for judgment on the pleadings is filed after the pleadings have closed, but early enough not to delay trial. FRCP 12(c). Pleadings are “closed” once a complaint and answers by all defendants have been filed.
A default occurs when a defendant/ respondent fails to answer the suit upon service within the time allowed by law. Summary judgment occurs upon motion of one of the parties to litigation that, upon the facts in evidence, the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.
A party may file a motion for judgment on the pleadings on the basis that no answer has been filed, or that the pleadings disclose that there are no material issues of fact to be resolved and that party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
A motion for judgment on the pleadings will occur before the trial and, unlike a motion for summary judgment, does not concern any matters other than what is contained within the pleadings.
Summary judgment is a pre-trial motion and often takes place after discovery is complete. Meanwhile, JMOL is an in-trial or post-trial motion, and it must occur after both parties have had the chance to present their case.
This type of motion is typically made when the outcome of the case depends on the court's interpretation of the law. Example: In a lawsuit involving a breach of contract, the defendant may file a motion for judgment on the pleadings if they believe that the plaintiff has failed to state a valid claim.
If the Court grants the full motion, the moving party obtains an appealable final judgment. On the other hand, if the judge grants summary judgment on only some claims, the order is not an appealable final judgment because some remaining claims/defenses in the case must be resolved.
In a motion for summary judgment, the moving party may use affidavits, relevant documents, and depositions or interrogatories to support his/her motion, but in a motion for judgment on the pleadings, he/she cannot.
(c) Motions for judgment on the pleadings. A party may file a motion for judgment on the pleadings on the basis that no answer has been filed, or that the pleadings disclose that there are no material issues of fact to be resolved and that party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.