The Investment Advisers Act requires hedge fund managers with over $100 million in assets under management to register with the SEC as investment advisers. Registered advisers are subject to periodic examinations and must maintain detailed records of their activities.
ERISA restricts certain actions related to how benefit plans are designed and administered. For example, it limits the types of investments that retirement plans can make, imposes fiduciary duties on plan administrators, and mandates specific reporting and disclosure requirements.
As a result, most hedge fund managers seek to keep the level of investments by Benefit Plan Investors in their funds below the ERISA 25% threshold at all times so as to avoid such obligations.
Types of prohibited transactions Fiduciary self-dealing transactions occur when a fiduciary (such as a plan administrator or trustee) uses plan income or assets for their own interest. Self-dealing can lead to conflicts of interest and is prohibited under ERISA.
ERISA prohibits cross trades, the exchange of assets between two accounts without going through a public market. There have been numerous exemption requests motivated by a desire to reduce transaction costs. Mutual funds are permitted to cross trade under Rule 17a-7.
Across the Beehive State, hedge funds deliver for retirement security, college education, and the important work done by non-profits and charities through $12.7 Billion in investments.
In general, ERISA does not cover plans established or maintained by governmental entities, churches for their employees, or plans which are maintained solely to comply with applicable workers compensation, unemployment or disability laws.
The rule is triggered if you raise enough dollars through retirement accounts. Generally speaking, it is wise to stay below 25% of retirement plan assets unless you qualify for an exception. For "fund of funds", the fund acts as an ERISA investor.
ERISA and the “plan assets” regulation issued thereunder generally treat the assets of a hedge fund as “plan assets” subject to the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code if, immediately after the most recent acquisition, disposition, transfer or redemption ...
In addition to potential SEC oversight, many hedge funds operating in the U.S. are regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), including advisers registered as Commodity Pool Operators (CPO) and Commodity Trading Advisors (CTA). Funds may also be subject to state-level regulations.