In summary, 1% equity can be a good offer if the startup has strong potential, your role is significant, and the overall compensation package is competitive. However, it could also be seen as low depending on the context. It's essential to assess all these factors before making a decision.
Founder shares (also called founder stock) are a type of equity, usually common stock, issued to the founding members of a company immediately or soon after it's incorporated. These shares are typically granted before any outside investors come on board and establish the initial ownership of the company.
When your startup is in the initial stages, the founder or the co-founders usually own it entirely, typically in a 50/50 split, or 60/40, depending on various conditions. As you grow, equity is distributed among those who contributed to fund your startup, give you advise, or develop your product/service offerings.
The short answer to "how much equity should a founder keep" is founders should keep at least 50% equity in a startup for as long as possible, while investors get between 20 and 30%. There should also be a 10 to 20% portion set aside for employee stock options and, in some cases, about 5% left in a reserve pool.
Equity allocation to co-founding team members should reflect a reward for the value they're expected to contribute. If the expected contributions are fairly equal, then the initial equity should be allocated relatively equally (for example, 51% and 49%).
How does owning equity in a startup work? On day one, founders own 100%. As the company grows, equity is often exchanged for funding or used to attract employees, leading to shared ownership. If you have more than one founder, you can choose how you want to share ownership: 50/50, 60/40, 40/40/20, etc.
At first glance, splitting everything equally may appear to be the fairest, most logical choice—one that avoids potential conflicts down the road. However, research and the experiences of successful startups suggest that equal splits often do more harm than good.
Regarding the share size, pre-IPO companies that hire CEOs externally typically offer 5% to 12% of the company's fully diluted outstanding shares, while Founder CEOs holdings depend on the value and number of funding rounds and can range from 15% to 75% or more of the company.
The short answer to "how much equity should a founder keep" is founders should keep at least 50% equity in a startup for as long as possible, while investors get between 20 and 30%. There should also be a 10 to 20% portion set aside for employee stock options and, in some cases, about 5% left in a reserve pool.
Many believe that an equal split signifies fairness for all and the majority of founders begin with 50/50 equity splits.