Forward contracts are typically used by sophisticated investors to create customized buy or sell contracts to be settled at a date in the future. They are most useful for hedging as they can be created to suit a particular purpose such as hedging raw material costs (soft commodities or oil) or currency risk.
Record a forward contract on the contract date on the balance sheet from the seller's perspective. On the liability side of the equation, you would credit the Asset Obligation for the spot rate. Then, on the asset side of the equation, you would debit the Asset Receivable for the forward rate.
Suppose that a client has entered into an equity forward contract with a bank. The client (long side) agrees to buy 400 shares of a publicly listed company for US$ 100 per share from the bank (short side) on a specified expiration date one year in the future.
Forward Contracts can broadly be classified as 'Fixed Date Forward Contracts' and 'Option Forward Contracts'. In Fixed Date Forward Contracts, the buying/selling of foreign exchange takes place at a specified future date i.e. a fixed maturity date.
The most common forms of equity include: Home Equity: The value of a homeowner's stake in their property, calculated by subtracting the mortgage owed from the home's market value. Shareholder Equity: The ownership interest in a company, representing the residual value after all liabilities are accounted for.
How to prepare an equity roll-forward Step 1: Gather initial data. Identify the opening balance, the equity position from the previous reporting period. Step 2: Record equity inflows. Step 3: Account for equity outflows. Step 4: Calculate the ending balance.
The roll forward is calculated using the formula (Retained Earnings YTD balance of Last Period of Previous Financial Year (+) YTD Balance of Beginning Retained Earnings Account of Last Period of Previous Financial Year). No adjustments are allowed to the Roll Forward balance as calculated per the formula.