Arrest Without Probable Cause In San Diego
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FAQ
Writing a probable cause affidavit requires clarity and meticulousness. It should include date, time, location of incidents, involved officers, detailed description of the event, references to evidence, and witness statements.
California Penal Code § 837 PC permits you to make a citizen's arrest if you witness a misdemeanor or felony crime or have reasonable cause to believe someone committed a felony. To do so, you must inform the person you are arresting and provide a reason for the arrest.
So the victim's statement is one piece of evidence that will be considered in determining whether there is enough evidence, or probable cause, for law enforcement to make an arrest of the offender. The victim's statement could be compelling enough for an arrest.
For an arrest, probable cause means that officers must have enough evidence or information to reasonably believe that a person has committed a crime. This could stem from direct observation of the crime, such as witnessing a theft in progress, or from reliable information, like a credible eyewitness account.
The burden of proof for establishing probable cause does not demand absolute certainty or conclusive evidence of criminal activity. Rather, it requires a reasonable basis or suspicion backed by factual evidence that would lead a prudent person to believe that a crime has been, is being, or will be committed.
One instance where a lack of Probable Cause may arise is in prosecutions for Driving Under the Influence pursuant to California Vehicle Code Section 23152(a) VC and California Vehicle Code Section 23152(b) VC. Law enforcement is always on heightened alert for impaired drivers, especially at certain times and locations.
The presentation of any of these facts would allow an officer to perform a search and make an arrest. Be aware that minor traffic violations (e.g. speeding, broken tail-light, or expired registration) are not considered probable cause.
There are four categories into which evidence may fall in establishing probable cause. These include observational, circumstantial, expertise, and information: Observational evidence is based on what the officer sees, smells, or hears.
