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4th Amendment Us Constitution With Case Laws In Minnesota
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Brendlin v. California | United States Courts.
This Fourth Amendment activity is based on the landmark Supreme Court case Brendlin v. California, dealing with search and seizure during a traffic stop.
MAPP V. OHIO, decided on 20 June 1961, was a landmark court case originating in Cleveland, in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that under the 4th and 14th Constitutional amendments, illegally seized evidence could not be used in a state criminal trial.
At the time of its creation, the Fourth Amendment was made in response to increasing infringements on privacy in both the colonies and in England.
Other well-established exceptions to the warrant requirement include consensual searches, certain brief investigatory stops, searches incident to a valid arrest, and seizures of items in plain view.
Mapp v. Ohio (1961) is the case that impacted Fourth Amendment protections at the state level. This case involved the Fourth Amendment's provision that people be protected from unreasonable searches and seizures.
In Mapp v. Ohio (1961), the Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment's protections against unreasonable searches and seizures apply to state courts through the Fourteenth Amendment.
Probable cause, on the other hand, is a stronger belief based on more concrete evidence. It is required for arrests or obtaining search warrants. For example, think of a traffic stop. Law enforcement officers must reasonably suspect a traffic violation or criminal activity to comply with the Fourth Amendment.
There are four categories into which evidence may fall in establishing probable cause. These include observational, circumstantial, expertise, and information: Observational evidence is based on what the officer sees, smells, or hears.
Law enforcement can establish probable cause through live, sworn testimony or by a detailed affidavit describing why a warrant is necessary.