4th Amendment Of Us Constitution In Nassau
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Our Fourth Amendment rights prohibit unreasonable searches and seizures of “persons, houses, papers and effects.” That last term, “effects,” means personal possessions, which includes cell phones, computers, vehicles, and every other article of moveable property.
Because this case was the rallying banner for what would eventually become the Fourth Amendment, it only makes sense that the term “houses” would be interpreted to include businesses as well as homes.
To claim a violation of Fourth Amendment rights as the basis for suppressing relevant evidence, courts have long required that the claimant must prove that they were the victim of an invasion of privacy to have a valid standing.
An amendment may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress, or, if two-thirds of the States request one, by a convention called for that purpose. The amendment must then be ratified by three-fourths of the State legislatures, or three-fourths of conventions called in each State for ratification.
This includes: personal letters, diaries, wills, business documents, and receipts. Personal files contained on a computer are also protected. However, it should be noted that the Fourth Amendment does allow the government to seize papers provided they obtain a court-issued warrant.
The Fourth Amendment specifically mentions "houses" as a place where person have a right "to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures." Supreme Court cases applying the Fourth Amendment to searches in or near the home are far too numerous and diverse to be discussed here.
An amendment may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of both Houses of Congress, or, if two-thirds of the States request one, by a convention called for that purpose. The amendment must then be ratified by three-fourths of the State legislatures, or three-fourths of conventions called in each State for ratification.
Since 1996, 20 constitutional amendments have been adopted. Voters last approved a new amendment to the New York Constitution on November 5, 2024.
Generally, a person has no reasonable expectation of privacy for property and personal effects they hold open to the public. The Fourth Amendment does not protect things that are visible or in "plain view" for a person of ordinary and unenhanced vision.
There are two methods of amending the New York State Constitution. The first is via a constitutional convention followed by voter approval or rejection of any amendments approved by the convention's delegates. The second is via proposal and approval of an amendment in two consecutive sessions of the Legislature.
