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Elements Test The court will consider only the definitions of each crime, instead of the facts in the evidence or the charging document. A crime will be a lesser included offense of another crime only if the second crime includes every element of the first crime, in addition to at least one other element.
It is not required that the government prove guilt beyond all possible doubt. A reasonable doubt is a doubt based upon reason and common sense and is not based purely on speculation. It may arise from a careful and impartial consideration of all the evidence, or from lack of evidence.
Also, double jeopardy does not apply to prosecutions for lesser included offenses if the defendant already has defeated the charge of the more serious offense. However, if a jury convicts a defendant of multiple charges based on the same conduct, the judge can impose a sentence only for the greater crime.
A lesser included offense in the field of criminal law is a less serious crime that is necessarily committed during the perpetration of a greater crime because the lesser crime contains some of the same elements of the greater crime.
The greater crime cannot be proven unless all of the elements of the lesser crime are proven. For example, trespassing is a lesser included offense of the crime of burglary.
Brief Synopsis: If the pleadings in a case allege facts supporting a lesser-included offense, the judge must give the jury instructions on lesser-included offenses and then the jury may find defendant guilty of lesser-included offense and maybe not the greater offense(s).
The judge will advise the jury that it is the sole judge of the facts and of the credibility (believability) of witnesses. He or she will note that the jurors are to base their conclusions on the evidence as presented in the trial, and that the opening and closing arguments of the lawyers are not evidence.
Party to a Crime Section 939.05 of the Criminal Code of Wisconsin provides that whoever is concerned in the commission of a crime is a party to that crime and may be convicted of that crime although that person did not directly commit it.