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The man who shot and wounded President Ronald Reagan in 1981 was freed from court oversight just last week after decades in a Washington mental hospital. John Hinckley Jr., who was charged with attempting to assassinate the 40th president, was acquitted by reason of insanity.
Legal insanity requires that the person, by reason of mental disease or defect was incapable of either: Knowing the nature of his or her act. Understanding the nature of his or her act. Distinguishing between right and wrong at the time of commission of the crime.
If a defendant successfully pleads not guilty by reason of insanity, they will not simply be released. Instead, the judge will order the defendant to be involuntarily placed in a psychiatric facility or mental institution rather than prison.
Famous cases involving the use of criminal insanity as a defensive tactic include those of John Hinckley, Jr. and Lorena Bobbitt. Four different assessments have been used over the years to determine whether a defendant could be found criminally insane.
The defendant has the burden of proving the defense of insanity by a ?preponderance of the evidence? which is similar to a civil case.
The M'Naghten insanity defense, also called the right-wrong test, is the most common insanity defense in the United States. It is also the oldest and was created in England in 1843. The defense is named after Daniel M'Naghten.
Insanity & Diminished Capacity One of the most famous uses of the insanity defense in the U.S. came in United States v. Hinckley, concerning the assassination attempt against then-President Ronald Reagan.
Ing to an eight-state study, the insanity defense is used in less than 1% of all court cases and, when used, has only a 26% success rate. Of those cases that were successful, 90% of the defendants had been previously diagnosed with mental illness.