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The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. This sometimes occurs before closing arguments.) The judge reads the instructions to the jury.
Jury instructions are the only guidance the jury should receive when deliberating and are meant to keep the jury on track regarding the basic procedure of the deliberation and the substance of the law on which their decision is based.
Summary: Preliminary substantive jury instructions are instructions provided to jurors at the start of a trial, before the presentation of evidence by the parties, on the elements of a claim or defense.
If a judge gives the jury the wrong legal standards to apply or otherwise improper instructions, they may find a defendant guilty when they should have reached a different verdict. If the judge in your case gave the jury incomplete or incorrect instructions, you may appeal your conviction and seek a new trial.
The idea behind a limiting instruction is that it is better to admit relevant and probative evidence, even in a limited capacity, and take the chance that the jury will properly apply it in its decision making, rather than to exclude it altogether.
In its current form, Rule 30 requires that the court instruct the jury after the arguments of counsel. In some districts, usually where the state practice is otherwise, the parties prefer to stipulate to instruction before closing arguments.