Texas Carbon Dioxide Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreement, also known as the Texas CO2 Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreement, is a legal agreement implemented in Texas to facilitate the storage and recovery of carbon dioxide (CO2) from various sources. This agreement aims to provide a regulatory framework for the deployment of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCS) technologies in Texas. It promotes the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by establishing guidelines for the injection and storage of CO2 in geological formations, such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs or deep saline formations. The Texas CO2 Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreement involves multiple stakeholders, including the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (CEQ), which acts as the regulatory authority overseeing the implementation and compliance of CCS projects. Other parties involved may include energy companies, oil and gas operators, research institutions, and technology providers. There are several types of Texas Carbon Dioxide Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreements, each catering to specific requirements or scenarios: 1. Cooperative Agreements: These agreements involve collaboration between government entities, industry players, and research institutes to foster technological advancements, share best practices, and coordinate efforts to facilitate CCS implementation. 2. Storage Permits: These permits are issued to project developers or operators by the CEQ after thorough evaluations of geological storage sites and their suitability for long-term CO2 storage. 3. Monitoring and Reporting Agreements: These agreements establish protocols for monitoring and reporting of CO2 injection operations, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and facilitating the transparent assessment of project performance. 4. Liability Agreements: These agreements define the liability and financial responsibility of parties involved in case of any incidents or accidents related to storage or injection operations. 5. Research and Development Agreements: These agreements promote cooperation between research institutions, industry, and government bodies to advance knowledge, technologies, and methodologies relevant to CO2 storage and secondary recovery, aiming to optimize operational practices and reduce costs. Overall, the Texas Carbon Dioxide Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreement provides a legal framework to encourage the development, deployment, and monitoring of CCS projects in Texas, contributing to the state's efforts in mitigating climate change, reducing emissions, and advancing sustainable energy solutions.
Texas Carbon Dioxide Storage and Secondary Recovery Unit Agreement
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Class II wells are used to inject fluids related to oil and gas production, including injection of CO2 for EOR. Class VI wells are used to inject CO2 for GS.
By far the most extensive use of CO2 in the United States is for enhanced oil recovery. Carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR) is a technique used to recover oil, typically from mature fields that have ceased being productive through traditional primary and secondary recovery methods.
This process of injecting CO2 into existing oil fields is a well-known ?enhanced oil recovery? (EOR) technique: the addition of CO2 increases the overall pressure of an oil reservoir, forcing the oil towards production wells.
In this technique, CO2 is converted into a high pressure, liquid-like form known as 'supercritical CO2'. Supercritical CO2 behaves like a runny liquid, a bit like WD40, and is injected directly into sedimentary rocks.
In 2010, EPA established Class VI, the most recently created UIC well class, for wells used to inject CO2 into deep subsurface geologic formations for long-term underground storage?a process known as ?geologic sequestration.? Currently, there are approximately 180,000 active Class II wells but only two active Class VI ...
The Scurry Area Canyon Reef Operator's Committee (SACROC) location was attractive for this project because it is the oldest continuously operated carbon dioxide (CO2) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operation in the United States, having undergone CO2 injection since 1972.
Class VI wells are used to inject carbon dioxide (CO2) into deep rock formations. This long-term underground storage is called geologic sequestration (GS).
Enhanced oil recovery leads to the production of energy derived from the burning of fossil fuels ? a practice that is unanimously considered grossly unsustainable and environmentally catastrophic.