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Section 1981 applies only to intentional racial discrimination, while Title VII applies to intentional discrimination and disparate impact discrimination on race, color, national origin, sex, or religion.
All persons within the jurisdiction of the United States shall have the same right in every State and Territory to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and ...
Donnelley & Sons Co., 541 U.S. 369 (2004), the U.S. Supreme Court held that § 1981 claims are governed by the federal ?catch-all? four-year statute of limitations.
42 U.S.C. § 1981 prohibits race discrimination in the making and enforcing of contracts. 16 It prohibits racial discrimination against whites as well as nonwhites.
§ 1981, which derives from Section 1 of the 1866 Civil Rights Act. The statute establishes that certain rights are to be guaranteed to all citizens of the United States, and these rights are to be protected against impairment by nongovernment and state discrimination.
A federal law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, color, and ethnicity when making and enforcing contracts. Section 1981 specifically grants all individuals within the US jurisdiction the same rights and benefits as "enjoyed by white citizens" regarding contractual relationships (42 U.S.C. § 1981(a)).
§ 1981 must plead and has the ultimate burden of showing that race was a but-for cause of the plaintiff's injury, and that burden remains constant over the life of the lawsuit.
While both statutes prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, Section 1981 contains no damages cap. The most a plaintiff can recover in ?non-economic? compensatory and punitive damages in a Title VII is $300,000.00. 42 U.S.C. § 1981a(b).