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An irrevocable trust is simply a kind of trust that cannot be changed or canceled after the document has been signed. This sets it apart from a revocable trust, which can be altered or terminated and only becomes irrevocable when the trust maker, or grantor, dies.
An irrevocable trust cannot be changed or modified without the beneficiary's permission. Essentially, an irrevocable trust removes certain assets from a grantor's taxable estate, and these incidents of ownership are transferred to a trust.
If a trust is not one of the trusts specifically authorized by the Internal Revenue Code, however, and becomes a shareholder, the Corporation ceases to be a qualified S corporation and will be taxed as an ordinary C corporation.
Irrevocable trusts are often set up as grantor trusts, which simply means that they are not recognized for income tax purposes (all of the income tax attributes of the trust, such as income, loss, gains, etc. is passed on to the grantor of the trust).
A Qualified Subchapter S Trust, commonly referred to as a QSST Election, or a Q-Sub election, is a Qualified Subchapter S Subsidiary Election made on behalf of a trust that retains ownership as the shareholder of an S corporation, a corporation in the United States which votes to be taxed.
Testamentary trusts. These trusts, which are established by your will, are eligible S corporation shareholders for up to two years after the transfer and then must either distribute the stock to an eligible shareholder or qualify as a QSST or ESBT.
An irrevocable grantor trust can own S corporation stock if it meets IRS regulations. The trust must contain language stating that all the ordinary income the trust earns along with the original trust assets are owned by the trust grantor.
Three commonly used types of ongoing trusts qualify as S corporation shareholders: grantor trusts, qualified subchapter S trusts (QSSTs) and electing small business trusts (ESBTs).
Designing a QSSTThe trust must have only one income beneficiary during the life of the current income beneficiary, and that beneficiary must be a U.S. citizen or resident;All of the income of the trust must be (or must be required to be) distributed currently to the one income beneficiary;More items...?
The main difference between an ESBT and a QSST is that an ESBT may have multiple income beneficiaries, and the trust does not have to distribute all income. Unlike with the QSST, the trustee, rather than the beneficiary, must make the election.