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To begin with, a ?declaratory judgment action is the preferred manner of deciding a dispute between an insured and insurer over the construction and effect of the terms of the insurance contract.? Franklin v. Professional Risk Managment Services, Inc., 987 F. Supp.
For example, a declaratory judgment action could be brought to determine party rights and obligations under a contract or to establish the validity of a patent. Under Article III of the U.S. Constitution, a federal court may only issue a declaratory judgment when there is an actual controversy.
The claim to applicability of the 20-year statute of limitations is barred unless, within 180 days of the recording of the statement, the claimant or a person on behalf of the claimant commences a declaratory judgment action under Title 14, chapter 707. [PL 2011, c. 124, §1 (NEW).]
Declaratory relief refers to a court's declaratory judgment stating the rights of parties without ordering any specific action or listing awards for damages.
To establish federal jurisdiction in a declaratory judgment action, two conditions must be satisfied. First, is the constitutional inquiry - the case must be a 'case or controversy' pursuant to Article III of the US Constitution. Second is the prudential inquiry ? declaratory relief must be appropriate.
For example, a policyholder believes that their denied claim is unjust. As a result, they inform the insurer that they are considering a lawsuit to recover losses. The insurer seeks a declaratory judgment to clarify its rights and obligations with hopes of preventing the lawsuit.
A counterclaim of infringement is a compulsory counterclaim to a claim for declaratory judgment of non-infringement. If a patent owner fails to assert an infringement counterclaim in a declaratory-judgment non-infringement suit, the patent infringement claim will be deemed waived.
So what is a "declaratory judgment" lawsuit? This answer is this: It's a lawsuit that a plaintiff files in which the plaintiff asks the court to "declare" through issuance of a "declaratory judgment" what the respective rights of the parties are.