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People v. 2006) Under Illinois law, a criminal defendant is legally insane if, as the result of a mental disease or defect, he lacks substantial capacity to appreciate the criminality of his conduct. Defendant has the burden to prove by clear and convincing evidence that he is not guilty by reason of insanity.
6-2. Insanity. (a) A person is not criminally responsible for conduct if at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or mental defect, he lacks substantial capacity to appreciate the criminality of his conduct.
The federal insanity defense now requires the defendant to prove, by "clear and convincing evidence," that "at the time of the commission of the acts constituting the offense, the defendant, as a result of a severe mental disease or defect, was unable to appreciate the nature and quality or the wrongfulness of his acts ...
Ing to an eight-state study, the insanity defense is used in less than 1% of all court cases and, when used, has only a 26% success rate. Of those cases that were successful, 90% of the defendants had been previously diagnosed with mental illness.
Illinois law allows for an insanity plea, a high standard that is not available in most cases involving mentally ill criminal defendants. Instead, most mentally ill criminal defendants will plead ?guilty but mentally ill,? or enter the system without consideration of their underlying, debilitating mental illnesses.