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Irrevocable Trusts Generally, a trustee is the only person allowed to withdraw money from an irrevocable trust. But just as we mentioned earlier, the trustee must follow the rules of the legal document and can only take out income or principal when it's in the best interest of the trust.
Capital gains are not income to irrevocable trusts. They're contributions to corpus the initial assets that funded the trust. Therefore, if your simple irrevocable trust sells a home you transferred into it, the capital gains would not be distributed and the trust would have to pay taxes on the profit.
The 65-day rule relates to distributions from complex trusts to beneficiaries made after the end of a calendar year. For the first 65 days of the following year, a distribution is considered to have been made in the previous year.
When a trust is irrevocable but some or all of the trust can be disbursed to or for the benefit of the individual, the look-back period applying to disbursements which could be made to or for the individual but are made to another person or persons is 36 months.
But assets in an irrevocable trust generally don't get a step up in basis. Instead, the grantor's taxable gains are passed on to heirs when the assets are sold. Revocable trusts, like assets held outside a trust, do get a step up in basis so that any gains are based on the asset's value when the grantor dies.
The grantor (as an individual or couple) transfers their assets to an irrevocable trust. However, unlike other irrevocable trusts, the grantor can be the income beneficiary. Their children or spouse would be the residual beneficiaries.
The step-up in basis is equal to the fair market value of the property on the date of death. In our example, if the parents had put their home in this irrevocable income only trust, and the fair market value upon their demise was $300,000, the children would receive the home with a basis equal to this $300,000 value.
The step-up in basis tax provision protects the asset in a revocable trust from heavy taxation. Grantors and trustees can take advantage of this provision to reduce or eliminate capital gains taxes. The assets in a revocable trust appreciate and provide the grantor with a consistent stream of income in their lifetime.
The trustee of an irrevocable trust can only withdraw money to use for the benefit of the trust according to terms set by the grantor, like disbursing income to beneficiaries or paying maintenance costs, and never for personal use.
Once an irrevocable trust is established, the grantor cannot control or change the assets once they have been transferred into the trust without the beneficiary's permission. These assets can include a business, property, financial assets, or a life insurance policy.