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Connecticut Contract between Manufacturer and Distributor Regarding Minimum Advertised Price
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FAQ
When competitors collude, prices are inflated and the customer is cheated. Price fixing, bid rigging, and other forms of collusion are illegal and are subject to criminal prosecution by the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice.
This is where Minimum Advertised Pricing (MAP) policies come in. But what is a MAP pricing policy, exactly? Highlights. MAP policies are agreements between manufacturers and distributors on the minimum price a product can be sold at. These policies benefit all parties, from manufacturers to distributors and retailers.
According to the California Attorney General, the state's antitrust and unfair competition laws prohibit vertical price-fixingnamely, a supplier cannot require, or agree with, a reseller of the supplier's products to resell at a minimum price (e.g., not below MSRP), or at a set price (MSRP).
While it used to be that manufacturers could only suggest a minimum retail price, the U.S. Supreme Court changed that rule. Now, manufacturers may, under appropriate circumstances, require a minimum retail price to be charged. Manufacturers cannot agree between themselves to set prices for their products.
A naked agreement among competitors to fix prices is almost always illegal, whether prices are specified at a minimum, maximum, or within some range. Illegal price fixing occurs whenever two or more competitors agree to take actions to raise, lower, maintain, or stabilize the price of any product or service.
IMAP stands for Internet Minimum Advertised Price. It is a MAP policy that brands draft specifically for products sold online.
Manufacturers use RPM policies or agreements to prevent retailers from selling products below a specified price. MAP policies are perfectly legal under U.S. antitrust laws. (Such policies have actually been used since 1919 nearly 100 years!)
A: The key word is "suggested." A dealer is free to set the retail price of the products it sells. A dealer can set the price at the MSRP or at a different price, as long as the dealer comes to that decision on its own. However, the manufacturer can decide not to use distributors that do not adhere to its MSRP.
Minimum advertised price policies are unilateral programs that manufacturers can use to limit their retailers from advertising products below a predetermined level. Unlike resale price maintenance (RPM) agreements, MAP policies don't strictly limit product pricing.
Resale price maintenance agreements are no longer per se federal antitrust violations, but several states, including California, New York, and Maryland may consider them per se antitrust violations under state law, so most national manufacturers avoid the risk and implement a unilateral Colgate policy instead.