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A grantor retained interest trust is a trust where a grantor makes an irrevocable transfer of assets but reserves the right to receive income from or enjoyment of those assets for a period of years. When the trust terminates, the assets are passed on to others.
With respect to income taxes, the grantor is treated as the owner of the assets during the GRAT term and reports all income earned by the GRAT on his individual income tax return. To avoid having to file its own fiduciary income tax return, the GRAT should not apply for a separate taxpayer identification number.
A grantor retained annuity trust (GRAT) is a financial instrument used in estate planning to minimize taxes on large financial gifts to family members. Under these plans, an irrevocable trust is created for a certain term or period of time.
Because the grantor may use a valuation formula, a GRAT allows the grantor to transfer a difficult to value asset without a significant risk of unexpected gift tax. The following is an example of how a valuation formula will reduce the risk of unexpected gift tax consequences when dealing with hard to value assets.
How Are GRATs Taxed? GRATs are taxed in two ways: Any income you earn from the appreciation of your assets in the trust is subject to regular income tax, and any remaining funds/assets that transfer to a beneficiary are subject to gift taxes.
A GRAT may be an ideal vehicle for the transfer of significant appreciation on an asset. Assume the client owns an interest in a business that may go public in the near future. If the client transfers the business interest to a short-term zeroed-out GRAT, most of the appreciation will be transferred tax free.
A GRAT is an irrevocable trust that allows the trust's creator known as the grantor to direct certain assets into a temporary trust and freeze its value, removing additional appreciation from the grantor's estate and giving it to heirs with minimal estate or gift tax liability.
In a GRAT, you receive a fixed amount from year to year (an annuity). In a GRUT, by contrast, you receive an amount equal to a fixed percentage of the trust assets (a unitrust).
GRATs are expressly permitted under the Internal Revenue Code. If they fail, you incur only a minimal tax cost and the professional fees associated with the project. If they succeed, you can transfer significant wealth to your beneficiaries, essentially gift-tax free.
Tax Implications of the GRAT During the term of the GRAT, the Donor will be taxed on all of the income and capital gains earned by the trust, without regard to the amount of the annuity paid to the Donor.