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For example, an arrest without probable cause, violation of the right to a speedy trial, or an illegal search can lead to a case being dismissed with prejudice. Other errors in a case also may lead a court to dismiss a case with prejudice.
?With prejudice? means that you cannot re-file your case ever. ?Without prejudice? means that you can re-file your case at a later date (as long as you are still within the statute of limitations).
Under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Rule 41(b), the default rule is that a dismissal is considered an ?adjudication on the merits,? and therefore with prejudice. Contrast with dismissal without prejudice, where the plaintiff may subsequently bring their claim in another court.
For someone charged with a crime, a case dismissed with prejudice is the best news. It means the judge has made a final ruling, the case is dismissed, the prosecution can't reopen it, and the defendant (the person charged with the crime) is free to go.
A case that is ?dismissed with prejudice? is completely and permanently over. A case will be dismissed with prejudice if there is reason for the case not to be brought back to court; for example, if the judge deems the lawsuit frivolous or the the matter under consideration is resolved outside of court.