The most common neurological disorders are: Headache. Stroke. Alzheimer's disease (AD) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) Epilepsy.
In the following sections we will briefly discuss some common NDs. 2.1. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) ... 2.2. Parkinson's Disease (PD) ... 2.3. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Alzheimer's disease – around eight to 10 years. Life expectancy is less if the person is diagnosed in their 80s or 90s. A few people with Alzheimer's live for longer, sometimes for 15 or even 20 years. Vascular dementia – around five years.
We present evidence for the following eight hallmarks of NDD: pathological protein aggregation, synaptic and neuronal network dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, cytoskeletal abnormalities, altered energy homeostasis, DNA and RNA defects, inflammation, and neuronal cell death.
Some neurotoxic metals, like lead (Pb), aluminium (Al), Mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As), and also pesticides and metal-based nanoparticles, have been implicated in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease.
Some of the more common symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders may include: A loss of inhibition. Anxiety. Agitation. Apathy. Difficulty with movement. Forgetfulness. Memory loss. Mood changes.
Neurodegenerative diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease are the most common neurodegenerative diseases. In the United States, as many as 6.2 million people may have Alzheimer's disease, ing to a report from the Alzheimer's Disease Association in 2022.