A set is closed under an operation if applying that operation to any members of the set always yields a member of the set. For example, the positive integers are closed un- der addition and multiplication, but not divi- sion. Fact. The set of regular languages is closed under each Kleene operation.
Regular languages are closed under union, concatenation, star, and complementation.
Regular languages are closed under concatenation - this is demonstrable by having the accepting state(s) of one language with an epsilon transition to the start state of the next language. If we consider the language L = {a^n | n >=0}, this language is regular (it is simply a).
Regular Languages are closed under intersection, i.e., if L1 and L2 are regular then L1 ∩ L2 is also regular. L1 and L2 are regular • L1 ∪ L2 is regular • Hence, L1 ∩ L2 = L1 ∪ L2 is regular.
Regular Languages are closed under intersection, i.e., if L1 and L2 are regular then L1 ∩ L2 is also regular. L1 and L2 are regular • L1 ∪ L2 is regular • Hence, L1 ∩ L2 = L1 ∪ L2 is regular.
What is closure? Recall that a set S is closed under an operation X if the output of X is in S whenever the inputs were in S. So, for example, saying that the regular languages are "closed under union" means that if P and R are regular languages, then so is the union of P and R.
Closure properties on regular languages are defined as certain operations on regular language that are guaranteed to produce regular language. Closure refers to some operation on a language, resulting in a new language that is of the same “type” as originally operated on i.e., regular.
A closure property of a language class says that given languages in the class, an operator (e.g., union) produces another language in the same class. Example: the regular languages are obviously closed under union, concatenation, and (Kleene) closure.
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