(updated Aug. 2, 2022) In general, you can claim qualifying individuals as your dependents. To be your dependent, the qualifying individual must be a U.S. citizen, U.S. national, U.S. resident alien, or a resident of Canada or Mexico for some part of the calendar year in which your tax year begins.
The short answer is no, you cannot claim yourself as a dependent on your tax return. This is because you are considered to have your own personal exemption. In other words, you cannot claim yourself as a dependent because you are already claiming yourself as a personal exemption.
An individual who files a joint return is not a dependent if the individual files a joint return, unless the joint return is filed only to claim a refund of estimated or withheld taxes. An individual claimed as a dependent must be a citizen, national, or resident of the United States, or a resident of Canada or Mexico.
Whatever the case, when it comes to your taxes, the rule is that you must be a resident of Canada in order to claim personal amounts for your dependants. The only exception is if the Canadian income on your return represents 90% or more of your total world income.
This is the case even when living abroad, provided that they meet the income reporting threshold that year. Although filing an annual US tax return can be cumbersome, expat parents will be excited to learn that they often qualify for the same child tax breaks abroad as they would in the US.