For private documents: If the forgery or falsification involves private documents, such as contracts, wills, or personal agreements, the penalty could be prisión correccional (imprisonment from 6 months to 6 years).
Under Philippine law, forgery is a criminal offense. Article 172 of the Revised Penal Code penalizes the falsification of public and private documents, including the forgery of signatures.
Investigators analyze and compare various traits, such as the appearance of letters, of suspicious documents with known samples to help identify the author of the document. Investigators might also be asked to detect changes that may have occurred in an original document.
All other writings are private and thus ought to be authenticated. Their due execution and genuineness must be proved either (1) by anyone who saw the document executed or written; or (2) by evidence of the genuineness of the signature or handwriting of the maker.
To establish forgery, the extent, kind and significance of the variation in the standard and disputed signatures must be demonstrated; it must be proved that the variation is due to the operation of a different personality and not merely an expected and inevitable variation found in the genuine writing of the same ...
A textbook definition of forgery is the making of a false document with the intent that it should be used or acted upon as if it's genuine. Therefore, the falsification of document includes altering a genuine document in any material part.
A textbook definition of forgery is the making of a false document with the intent that it should be used or acted upon as if it's genuine. Therefore, the falsification of document includes altering a genuine document in any material part.
Article 162. Using forged signature or counterfeit seal or stamp. – The penalty of prision mayor shall be imposed upon any person who shall knowingly make use of the counterfeit seal or forged signature or stamp mentioned in the preceding article.
For private documents: If the forgery or falsification involves private documents, such as contracts, wills, or personal agreements, the penalty could be prisión correccional (imprisonment from 6 months to 6 years).