Federal Withholding Tax and Tax Treaties In most cases, a foreign national is subject to federal withholding tax on U.S. source income at a standard flat rate of 30%. A reduced rate, including exemption, may apply if there is a tax treaty between the foreign national's country of residence and the United States.
Essentially, this form helps prevent double taxation and ensures the proper application of tax treaty benefits or exemptions for foreign individuals. A U.S. employer should request a W-8BEN from non-U.S. citizen employees or international contractors.
The easiest way to avoid the 30% tax-withholding is to use your National Identification Number (NIN). The NIN is also usually used as a Tax ID in many countries. If you're French, this would be your INSEE code, if you hold a UK passport, it's simply called just that – a NIN.
The form confirms that the contractor isn't a U.S. citizen and isn't working within the United States. If both of these things are true, the contractor isn't subject to American taxes. Without this form, you must withhold 30% of your payments to foreign contractors for taxes.
Withholding on payments of U.S. source income to foreign persons under IRC 1441 to 1443 (Form 1042) Generally, a foreign person is subject to U.S. tax on its U.S. source income. Most types of U.S. source income received by a foreign person are subject to U.S. tax of 30%.
To choose the deduction, you must deduct foreign income taxes on Schedule A (Form 1040), Itemized Deductions. To choose the foreign tax credit, you generally must complete Form 1116 and attach it to your Form 1040, Form 1040-SR or Form 1040-NR.
Form 1099 is used to report payments made to an independent contractor. Expat business owners may need to file Form 1099 when working with contractors abroad. Failing to file Form 1099 as required could result in penalties.
If you are a U.S. citizen or U.S. resident alien, you report your foreign income on your tax return where you report your U.S. income. That is, on line 1 of IRS Form 1040.
Choosing a credit or a deduction To choose the deduction, you must deduct foreign income taxes on Schedule A (Form 1040), Itemized Deductions. To choose the foreign tax credit, you generally must complete Form 1116 and attach it to your Form 1040, Form 1040-SR or Form 1040-NR.