To discourage the use of IRA distributions for purposes other than retirement, you'll be assessed a 10% additional tax on early distributions from traditional and Roth IRAs, unless an exception applies. Generally, early distributions are those you receive from an IRA before reaching age 59½.
Regardless of your age, if you take a distribution from a Roth IRA as a first-time home buyer within 5 years of the start of the year you opened it, there's a 10% tax penalty on the earnings, without exception. If you take a distribution of $10,000, the penalty would be $1,000 if it's a traditional IRA.
When you withdraw income from your Roth IRA, you must report it on Form 8606. This form helps you track your basis in regular Roth contributions and conversions. It also shows if you've withdrawn earnings.
You can withdraw contributions at any time without tax or penalty, even if you are under age 59.5 and you've not had a Roth IRA for 5 years. And contributions come out first in Roth IRA withdrawals, so if the amount you're withdrawing is less than the sum of all contributions, you don't need to worry about any of this.
Withdrawing Roth IRA earnings It's been at least five years since the start of the tax year of your first contribution. One of the following is true: You're at least 59 ½ You're permanently disabled. You're the beneficiary of an account owner who has passed away. You're withdrawing up to $10,000 to buy your first home.
The early withdrawal penalty for a traditional or Roth individual retirement account is 10% of the amount withdrawn. Keep in mind that you may also owe income tax in addition to the penalty. You can withdraw contributions (but not earnings) early from a Roth IRA without being subject to income tax and the penalty.
There is no 10% early withdrawal penalty on distributions from an Inherited IRA. RMDs would eventually start at the original owner's RBD—or immediately, if the original owner had already passed their RBD.
Exceptions to the 10% additional tax apply to an early distribution from a traditional or Roth IRA that is: Not in excess of your unreimbursed medical expenses that are more than a certain percentage of your adjusted gross income.
Before making a Roth IRA withdrawal, keep in mind the following rules to avoid a potential 10% early withdrawal penalty: Withdrawals must be taken after age 59½. Withdrawals must be taken after a five-year holding period.