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IHL is universal: all parties fighting in a conflict are obliged to respect IHL, be they governmental forces or non-State armed groups. The Geneva Conventions, which are central to IHL, have been ratified by all 196 States, making IHL a universal body of law.
Protected persons These protections cover both civilians and combatants. There are four categories of protected persons: wounded and sick; wounded, sick and shipwrecked; prisoners of war; civilians in occupied territory or in territory of the enemy.
Any nation that has ratified the Geneva Conventions but not the Protocols is still bound by all provisions of the Conventions. Protocol I expands protection for the civilian population as well as military and civilian medical workers in international armed conflicts.
The law of armed conflict is a branch of international law, the law that States have agreed to accept as binding upon them in their dealings with other States. As well as governing relationships between States, international law applies to the conduct of hostilities within a State.
All personnel must be aware of the basic rules of the law of armed conflict, including the practical application of the principles of military necessity, proportionality, distinction and humanity.
This branch of the law is aimed at protecting the victims of a conflict who are in the power of the adversary – civilians, or you, too, if you have been wounded or taken prisoner of war (POW).
» LOAC requires an attacking commander to take all operationally feasible precautions to mitigate risk to civilians and civilian property inherent in the attack. A precaution is not feasible if it cannot be implemented, or if it will degrade the anticipated military advantage of the attack.
Principles of the laws of war Military necessity, along with distinction, proportionality, humanity (sometimes called unnecessary suffering), and honor (sometimes called chivalry) are the five most commonly cited principles of international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict.
Treat all persons who fall into your hands humanely and protect them from the dangers of war. Care for the wounded, including enemy wounded, on the basis of medical priority. Obey all combat rules (see below). Use no more force than is necessary to achieve your operational task.
Principles of the laws of war Military necessity, along with distinction, proportionality, humanity (sometimes called unnecessary suffering), and honor (sometimes called chivalry) are the five most commonly cited principles of international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict.