Unconscionability requires a showing of both a procedural and substantive defect in the document for the agreement to be rendered unenforceable by the court. Procedural unconscionability results from oppression or unfair surprise to one party caused by unequal bargaining power.
drafted arbitration clause can kill a class action in its infancy. Therefore, when evaluating a consumer class action case, you should attempt to determine whether the putative plaintiff is in a contractual relationship with the defendant business.
See 9 U.S.C. § 1. In Concepcion, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that class action waivers in arbitration agreements are enforceable.
Under binding arbitration, as is required here, the parties agree to accept the arbitrator's decision as final, limiting their right to seek resolution of the dispute by the court.
If one party refuses to participate in arbitration, it can complicate the resolution process, particularly if arbitration is a contractual requirement. However, similar to mediation, the non-participating party's refusal does not prevent the other party from seeking alternative avenues for resolution.
There are typically seven stages of the arbitration process: Claimant Files a Claim. Respondent Submits Answer. Parties Select Arbitrators. Parties Attend Initial Prehearing Conference. Parties Exchange Discovery. Parties Attend Hearings. Arbitrators Deliberate and Render Award.
Any party may make an objection to an arbitrator at any time in the arbitration, up to the issuance of the Award or other terminating order. While a party may file multiple objections to an arbitrator, additional objections should not be made unless there are new grounds for making the objection.
So long as a defendant can show a valid agreement to arbitrate and a valid class action waiver, then a putative class action plaintiff will be unable to proceed on a class basis.
Class arbitration is not available unless clearly allowed under the express terms of the arbitration clause.