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Most veterinarians agree the ideal time to castrate is between 6-12 months of age, but one must first ensure two testicles are present. Presence of only one testicle in the scrotum could indicate a condition known as cryptorchidism.
Colts -occasionally- can be fertile enough to get a mare pregnant at 6 months old. However, the majority will certainly be able to get a mare pregnant from 10-14 months of age. However, there are never any hard and fast rules in equine repro...
Generally, assuming a filly is healthy and on a good plan of nutrition, she can be bred as early as two years of age, although many breeders suggest waiting until three years of age. Mares can continue to produce foals well into their late teens or early to mid 20's.
If the young horse has done well on the racetrack during his 2- and 3-year-old years, for instance, he may begin breeding mares as a 4-year-old. Before entering the breeding shed, he needs some re-training, a fertility evaluation, and some time to refocus on his new job and prepare for his first breeding season.
On average, however, males become fertile after six months of age and reach full sexual maturity by 12 to 15 months.
Most yearlings and two-year-olds can and will breed under good circumstances. There's probably not a horse practice without a firsthand story of the pregnant filly that was only with a colt until a year of age. So for sure, many fairly young colts can be fertile.
Heat detec- tion using the mare's response to a stallion is known as teasing. The teasing process is nec- essary because mares do not predictably show signs of heat, either alone or with a group of mares, as do other domestic livestock. Heat detection is essential for artificial as well as natural breeding.
A stallion used for breeding is known as a stud.
Stallions may always be “on,” but that doesn't mean they can constantly breed. After all, they do need time to eat, sleep, exercise, and socialize. A stallion can typically cover one to three mares a day and about 30 to 40 mares in one year.
Exposing mares to the proximity of a stallion can therefore be an alternative to, for example, light programs or elaborated hormonal therapies to start the breeding season earlier and increase the number of estrous cycles in horses.