Crime or Fraud Exception. If a client seeks advice from an attorney to assist with the furtherance of a crime or fraud or the post-commission concealment of the crime or fraud, then the communication is not privileged.
The privilege extends to communications involving agents that facilitate the attorney-client relationship.
Since the client, and not the attorney, holds the privilege, the client holds the ultimate authority to assert it or waive it.
Attorney Client Privilege (Gold Standard/SUWA) -305(18) The attorney-client privilege protects information given by a client to an attorney that is “necessary to obtain informed legal advice—which might not have been made absent the privilege.
The attorney-client privilege applies to communications “to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for the transmission of the information or the accomplishment of the purpose for which the lawyer is consulted.” Cal. Evid. Code § 952. This includes communications to an expert consultant.
The privilege extends only to communications that the client intends to be confidential. Communications made in non-private settings, or in the presence of third persons unnecessary to accomplish the purpose for which the attorney was consulted, are not confidential and therefore are not protected by the privilege.
The attorney-client privilege applies to communications “to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for the transmission of the information or the accomplishment of the purpose for which the lawyer is consulted.” Cal. Evid. Code § 952. This includes communications to an expert consultant.
The attorney-client privilege does not apply to every communication with an attorney. For the privilege to exist, the communication must be to, from, or with an attorney, and intended to be confidential. In addition, the communication must be for the purpose of requesting or receiving legal advice.
Beware of forwarding email strings and sharing attorney-client privileged communications. As the client, you hold the privilege, but if you voluntarily disclose our communications (e.g., “Our General Counsel told us…”), the privilege is waived.